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Somaliland!

The British Somaliland was a British protectorates during the colonization period in the Horn of Africa. It joined the Italian Somali land to form Somalia. It declared independence when the chaos destroyed the united Somalia.

When Britain withdrew from its protectorate in Somali-land on 26 June 1960 after 76 years of colonization that began in 1884, the British Somali land then joined the Italian Somali land on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic.

Under the dictatorial regime of Mohamed Siad Baree, the people of Hargisia and other treitories around and at the north have experienced severe social injustice based on tribal causes, so they revolt.

The Somali National Movement (SNM) took arms against Siad Barre earlier and after the fall of Barre, the movement declared Somaliland as a new republic on 18 May, 1991 to gain self-sovereignty.

The first president of the new state was Abdurrahman Ahmed Ali Tuur. Then the Grand Conference of National Reconciliation in Borama appointed Muhammad Haj Ibrhim Egal in 1993 as president.

Egal was re-elected in 1997. He continued in power until he died on May 3, 2002. The vice president, Dahir Riyale Kahin, became president shortly after that date. Kahin was the first Somali Land president in a free and fair election on 2003.

The people of the new state had rebelled against Siad Barre's dictatorship in Mogadishu, which prompted a massive reaction by the government. But, the new state has not learned from the tribal destruction in Somalia, the motherland from which it seceded.

The new land formed a new hybrid system of governance under the constitution of the new state, combining the traditional tribal system with the western institutions.

They achieved this multi-governing system through a series of inter-clan conferences, culminating in the Boorama Conference in 1993. A qabil, (from Arabic, which means قبيلة / clan or tribe) system of government was constructed.

The governing system consisted of an Executive, with a President, Vice President, and Council of Ministers, a bicameral Legislature, and an independent judiciary.

But, the traditional Somali council of elders (guurti) was incorporated into the governance structure and formed the upper house, responsible for selecting the President as well as managing internal conflicts.

The government became in essence a "power-sharing coalition of Somaliland's main clans", with seats in the Upper and Lower houses proportionally allocated to clans according to a predetermined formula.

However, not all clans are satisfied with this formula of government. In 2002, after several extensions of this interim government, Somaliland finally made the transition to multi-party democracy, with district council elections contested by six parties.

Somaliland has political contact with Belgium, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Regarding its relation with Ethiopia, the war in Somalia in 2006 between the Islamic Courts Union inspiring Alshabab and the forces of Ethiopia and Somalia's transitional government has not directly affected Somaliland.

On January 17, 2007, the African Union has sent a foreign minister to discuss the future of international acknowledgement. The European Union has also sent a delegation for foreign affairs to discuss future cooperation. On January 29 and January 30, 2007, the ministers said that they would discuss acknowledgement with other member states.

The former Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Meles Zenawi held a conference with President Kahin in June, 2007. In an official communiqué by the Ethiopian Foreign Minister, they referred to the Somaliland President as the President of the new state.

That was the first time the new state has been officially acknowledged as a sovereign state by another government. While this is not claimed as a move to official recognition by Ethiopia, it is seen as a possible step towards a unilateral declaration by Ethiopia in the event of the African Union failing to move its recognition of Somaliland forward.

A delegation led by the President of the new state was present at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007 in Kampala, Uganda.

Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck of the ELDER, one of three main parties in the EU, mailed a letter to Javier Solana (the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Secretary-General of both the Council of the European Union (EU) and Dahir Rayale Kahin the president of the new state on November 27, 2007.

The letter has appeared as an acknowledgement of the new state by the EU. Bush administration discussed in December 2007 whether to back the shaky transitional government in Somalia or to acknowledge and support the less volatile Somali Land secessionists.

Kenya has expressed its willingness to recognize Somaliland as a new state on May 2011 and the Kenyan government considered the new state as an important partner in the Horn of Africa's security.

During the era of the Kenyan third president Mwai Kibaki, the Kenyan prime minister, Raila Amolo Odinga has expressed his thoughts and said good words about the new state, which is considered the beginning of the Kenyan recognition.

More about Somaliland and Somalia:

Brief History of Somalia| Change Somali Prime Minister| Congratulations, Somali Land for Democracy| DAFI| Drought and War Devastate Somalia| Famine Plus Foreign Troops Against Somalia| It is Painful and Shameful in Somalia| Joint American Yemeni Troops Operate in HOA| Kulmiye Leads Somali Land| Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke| Omer Sharmarke| Refugees without Borders in the Horn of Africa| Somalia Country Profile| Somali Archives| Somalia's Political Problems| Somali Civil War is Madness| Somali Displaced People| Somali Famine is Over| Somali News| Somali Political Scene| Somali Political Situation| Somali Refugees| Somali Troublemakers|

Read more about Somali land at the second section of the page below the form. If you liked this page about Somaliland, please tweet it and share it with your social media network. Use the small buttons to do this.

In addition to Somaliland here is the primary and the secondary Somali site maps, followed by comments on Somalia and Somaliland and some other Arabic comments. So, you could comment on this page, or on the other Somali topics in Arabic, or in English:

The Somali Site Maps:

Somalia and Somaliland - Primary Site Map 6 A.

Somali Arabic Comments - Primary Site Map 6 B. 

Somali Political Articles - Primary Site Map 6 C.

Somali Political Forums - Primary Site Map 6 D.

Somali Political Comments - Primary Site Map 6 E.

Write about Somalia - Secondary Site Map 20.

The Arabic Articles and Commentaries Including Somali Land:

Arabic HOA Political Scene| Asmara| Eritrean Anecdotes| Eritrean Chronicle| Eritrean Stories| Freedom Bells| Heglig Oil Fields| HOAs Arabic Prose| New Sudan| Questions| South Kordofan, Sudan| South Sudan| Sudanese Arabic Political Articles|

The article I wrote about Somali Land above is supported by some information I gathered from many sources. I also had been in direct contact with the SNM, while I was journalist during the 1980s and while I was living with a family from Hargisia and I knew some members and top activists in the movement.

Thanks for reading. You can use the form below to write more about Somaliland. Please upload pictures when you do and narrate them with captions.

The HOA's Primary Site Maps:

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 1: Horn of Africa

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 2: Djibouti

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 3: Eritrea

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 4: Ethiopia

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 5: Kenya

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 6: Somalia and Somaliland

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 7: Sudan

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 8: Uganda

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 9: Chad

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 10: Democratic Republic of Congo DRC

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 11: Political Site Map

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 12: Political Section

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 13: Humanitarian Network

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 14: Political Sense Journal

The HOA's Secondary Site Maps:

HOA Political Scene Site Map 15: Write about HOA

HOA Political Scene Site Map 16: Write about Djibouti

HOA Political Scene Site Map 17: Write about Eritrea

HOA Political Scene Site Map 18: Write about Ethiopia

HOA Political Scene Site Map 19: Write about Kenya

HOA Political Scene Site Map 20: Write about Somalia

HOA Political Scene Site Map 21: Write about Sudan

HOA Political Scene Site Map 22: Write about Uganda

HOA Political Scene Site Map 23: Write about Chad

HOA Political Scene Site Map 24: Write about DRC

HOA Political Scene Site Map 25: Readers Write Good

HOA Political Scene Site Map 26: Readers Write Comments

HOA Political Scene Site Map 27: Readers Read Good

HOA Political Scene Site Map 28: Comments 

HOA Political Scene Site Map 29: Readers Comment

HOA's Newsletter Site Maps:

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 30, Horn of Africa's Newsletters

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 31, Horn of Africa's Bulletins

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 32, Horn of Africa's Ezines

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 33, Horn of Africa's Political Newsletters

HOA PoliticalScene Site Map 34, Horn of Africa's Journal

Like, or tweet, or share Somaliland with your social media using the small buttons on the page. You can also read updates through your accounts at Yahoo and other email services you see the buttons they use at the top of the left column. Thanks.

Use the form below to comment, or write about Somali Land. You can write political articles through this form. If you wanted to write literary, or cultural works from Somaliland, use the form at HOA's Cultural Project.

If you wanted to read about beautiful places and write about beautiful places in Somaliland, do that on my daughter's network of beautiful places at Any Beautiful City.

Comments, or new articles about Somaliland appear at the second section of the page above. If you have not commented, or written about Somali Land yet, please do that now.

The following website building and optimizing tools, you see on the image below, empower SOMALILAND and the entire network.

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hoa-politicalscene.com - Sudanese writer Khalid Mohammed Osman's book, "Political Tragedy of the Horn of Africa".